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Authors:
| Md. Hafizur Rahman | HafizLab, Bangladesh |
| M. Naderuzzaman | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sonargaon University, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Md. Masud Reza | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The People's University of Bangladesh |
https://oajea.hafizlab.com/article/01-02-001 
https://doi.org/10.64886/oajea.0102.001 
Index Terms:
IoT Devices, Sensors, Actuators, Connectivity, Smart Systems, Industry 4.0, Edge Computing, Smart HomeAbstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way physical objects interact with digital systems, creating a seamlessly connected environment across various domains. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of modern IoT devices, focusing on their classification, core features, and emerging trends. It examines the technical architecture, connectivity protocols, sensing and communication capabilities, and application-specific design considerations of IoT devices. Furthermore, the study highlights their roles in smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. The paper also addresses critical challenges such as interoperability, security, scalability, and energy efficiency. Finally, future research directions and technological advancements are discussed to provide a holistic understanding of the evolving landscape of IoT systems.Conclusion:
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of modern IoT devices, focusing on their classification, key features, and emerging trends. The multidimensional classification highlights the diversity of IoT devices based on functionality, communication range, power sources, deployment environments, data processing location, and application domains. Key features such as sensing capability, connectivity, intelligence, scalability, and security define their operational efficiency and adaptability. Emerging trends, including edge and fog computing, AI integration, LPWANs, wearable devices, and sustainable designs, demonstrate the rapid evolution of IoT technologies. While significant advancements have been achieved, challenges related to interoperability, security, energy efficiency, and data management remain. Addressing these issues through standardization, robust security measures, and innovative energy solutions will drive the next generation of IoT systems. Overall, IoT devices continue to transform smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, industrial processes, and environmental monitoring, paving the way for more intelligent, connected, and sustainable ecosystems in the future.License:
Articles published in OAJEA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Cite This Paper:
Md Hafizur Rahman, M. Naderuzzaman, Md Masud Reza “IoT Devices: Classification, Features, and Trends in Modern IoT Systems”, Open Access Journal on Engineering Applications (OAJEA), Volume No. 01, Issue No. 02, Page 1-8, September, 2025. https://doi.org/10.64886/oajea.0102.001Reference:
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Journal Information
| Frequency: Quarterly |
| Submission to First Decision: 7 days |
| Submission to Acceptance: 30 days |
| Accept to Publish: 15 days |
| Article Processing Charges (APCs): None |
